Mystery Star KIC 9406652 at Planet Hunters

Q10 Time plot for KIC 9406652 by Kian Jek

Forum Talk member Penn_gwenn flagged this star in Kepler Q2. It immediately attracted interest from forum members, Zoo3hans, Kian Jek, Nighthawk_black, Cappella and others as a possible Dwarf nova or Heartbeat binary. You can see superhump-like features in the time plot above. KIC 9406652 is currently being investigated by the Kepler Guest Observer program for further analysis. No one quite knows what exactly this star is.

Kian Jek

I believe this might be genuine. There are APOs of around 20-30 millipixels in the source FITS file, but the brightening points in the direction of the target. And there is no apparent source in that direction. The APOs represents the flux shifting away from the brighter neighbor IMO:



I suspect this could be an SS Cygni type of dwarf nova, from the shape and frequency of the outbursts - they are more frequent and do not exhibit the super-outbursting behavior of the SU UMa types we've seen previously. There are superhumps noted during the descending limbs of an outburst, sometimes stretching into the quiescent periods, with a period of approximately 6 hours. I'll do a little more poking around.

The region from which I took the sample to find the superhump period is here:

and here's where it comes from, in Q10:

Backing up a bit, here's the entire light curve:

What just occurred to me is that the lowest flux levels seen here are true minimas - they are not due to data gap problems - the flux level of ~0.5 seems to be the actual base flux level, and therefore this DN seems to spend a lot of its time at about 2x its lowest brightness. This type of behavior is perhaps more accurately described as a UGZ or a Z Camelopardalis type of dwarf novae rather than a UGSS (or SS Cygni type).

 Caveat: I am not a real astrophysicist. EIKAAILOW™ (Everything I Know About Astrophysics I Learned On Wikipedia).

This is interesting because IIRC we have already found 2 examples of UGSU and 1 UGSS (although they are background DNs) and this one, which seems like a real target, is a UGZ, and thus completes all the major types of dwarf novae discovered by citizen scientists in the Kepler FOV.

Daryll LaCourse (Nighthawk_black):

Keppixseries from the target pixel files support this interpretation; the outbursts flood the optimal aperture and to a lesser extent the surrounding halo pixels:

Q5:

FULL

Q10:

FULL

You can follow this star on Planet Hunters forum Talk here.

Known Eclipsing Binary also a Heartbeat Binary - KIC 9965691

 KIC 9965691 is a known eclipsing binary star system that is also a Heartbeat binary.

Kian Jek:
 

Heartbeat binary- periodicity already recognized in Prsa v3 as published period is the heartbeat period.

 You can follow this Heartbeat eclipsing binary star system at Planet Hunters here.

KIC 8912308 Unlisted Heartbeat Binary System at Planet Hunters

The Kepler light curve above for KIC 8912308 has been identified by Planet Hunters forum Talk members as an unlisted Heartbeat binary star. Kian Jek put together a phased curve that is a tell for these type of stars below:

 

Heartbeat stars are "eccentric binary systems undergoing dynamic tidal distortions and tidally induced pulsations in the Kepler data."

Link to the discovery page at Planet Hunters here.

KIC 6292925 Unlisted Heartbeat Binary System at Planet Hunters

The Kepler light curve above for KIC 6292925 has been identified by Planet Hunters forum Talk members as an unlisted Heartbeat binary star. Kian Jek put together a phased curve that is a tell for these type of stars below:

Heartbeat stars are "eccentric binary systems undergoing dynamic tidal distortions and tidally induced pulsations in the Kepler data."

Link to the discovery page at Planet Hunters here.

KIC 8123430 Heartbeat Binary Candidate

Quarter 5 Kepler light curve at Planet Hunters for KIC 812343/APH51124541

Phased curve by Kian Jek: